Natural resources are the free gifts of nature.They are found around our surrounding.We found many natural resources like forest,water,minerals and many more.From this resources we get many benefits from them like wise;

Forest:

• woods for fire wood
• foods for animals
• scenery
  
• home place for wild animals
• ecological balance
• timber for making houses
• pollution will be controlled etc,

Water:

• drinking purpose
  
• cleaning
• irrigation
• washing etc,

Minerals:

• valuable
• beauty
• more expensive
• important in all countries of the world etc;
  

Fossil fuels

Fossil fuels are the resources which we found or obtained from the source of plants and animals.These fossils are obtained from the millions of years of old.There are many fossil fuels which we use in our daily life.Fossils fuels which we obtained from plants and animals provides powers and energy which we use in our daily life.fossils fuels like oil,coal and natural gas are the fossils fuel used in daily life.These energy we use it day and night has makes our life faster and easy.

Uses of fossil fuel
Petroleum:Petrol is used for burning purpose as well as it is used in vehicles also.This fossils also makes our life efficient.
Coal:coal is the number one fuel source which generates electricity.coal is used for burning of fire and for running of transportation like it is used in train.This source is found everywhere in the world.

We can find this resource in every parts of the world.we should pay for it to use.so this resource is costly but it has make human life fast,easier and efficient.

Chemical properties of mineral

Atoms,Molecules and Elements
Every substance on earth are made of up atoms.There are many different kinds of atoms are found and are classifief as Elements.Atoms are formed together on the basis of their charges that is positive charge and negative charge.In positive charge is caused by the amounts of Protons and Electrons is caused by Electrons.

Molecules are joined together to form a substance.Different atoms are formed together to be molecules.Molecules is a combination of two atoms of different elements.Molecules form mixtures and compounds.Every mineral contains specific molecules in its structure.Most of the minerals are composed of molecules.

Elements are the substances having only one type of atoms and cannot be broken down.They are the simplest forms of matter and has a specific atomic number. They cannnot be changed or divided into different forms or substance by ordinary chemical method.The smallest particle of such an element is an atom, which consists of electrons centered around a nucleus of protons and neutrons.

Problems of Mineral Resources Development

• Lack of finance and investment:Exploration and exploitation of mineral resources is mainly based on capital intensive techniques.Exploration of mineral resources takes more time and incurs considerable expenses.The rate of capital formation of nepal is very less.Many countries and organization in this field is limited.

• Lack of technical knowledge:Exploration of mineral resources is a very technical job.The use of producing equipments is a technical job in nature.To produce it,it needs different manpower.There is no adequate manpower for mineral resource development in nepal.This is why mineral has not got a momentum.

• Limited market:The market for mineral resources is very limited within a country.Due to undevelopment of manufacturing industries.For nepal this is very difficult to complete with the products of foreign countries in terms of price,quantity and quality.
• Defective government:The government has not not adopted any policy on whether to allow private participation or involve foreign for exploration and extraction.Government does not have clear policy relating to exploration ,research,etc.

• Lack of modern equipment and tools:For mineral resources needs heavy equipment and tools.Due to absence of this,have to imported from abroad.This is expensive work for the government of nepal.Thus minerals are still unutilized and are restricted to in paper document.

Properties of Minerals

Minerals are in different shape and form.There are many minerals which we can't recoznize it so here we have physical properties to identify the mineral.Among the properties we will discuss to identify minerals are: crystal habit, cleavage, hardness, magnetismand taste.

Some common crystal habits are:

Individual Crystal

• Cubic-having cube shape
• Octahedral-having octahedrons shape
  
• Tabular-having rectangular shape
• Equant-having equal length
• Acicular-a crystal having long,slender shape
• Prismatic-having shape of prism faces
• Bladed-having shape of wedge or knife bade

so these are the common shapes of crystals which we found in.

Groups of Distinct Crystals

• Dendritic-tree-as growths
• Reticulated-lattice-as groups of slender crystals
• Radiated-radiating groups of crystals
• Fibrous-elongated clusters of fibers
• Botryoidal-globular shapes and having smoothness
• Globular-having spherical groups
• Drusy-having small shape which covers surface
• Stellated-having star-like shape
  
  

so these are the properties of minerals which helps to recoznize the minerals.

Cleavage

Crystals having planes of atoms along with the bonding which is weaker than other planes.if mineral is struck with the hard object,it will break with these planes.This properties of breaking of specific planes is termed as cleavage.
Cleavage always occers along with the planes in the crystal lattice.The cleavage can also defined as from the quality and it is also described in the form names,like if the mineral breaks into rectangular shape it is termed as cubic cleavage,if it breaks into prismatic shapes,it is termed as prismatic cleavage,and if it breaks along basal pinacoids it is termed as pinacoidal cleavage.

Hardness
Hardness is relative scale,to identify a minerals hardness,we must scratch mineral, and we can find that relative mineral is hardness or not.

Colour
Colour is sometimes diagnostic property of a mineral,Some minerals are green in colour.But all minerals doesnot have same colour.

Problems of Mineral Resources DevelopmentMineral Resources

Role of Mineral Resources in Economic Development

• Employment Opportunities:Unemployment and disguised unemployment are serious problem of nepalese economy.In foreign countries many people have employment oppurtunities from the mineral resources.Thus by extraction of mineral is a good source of employment opportunities.

• Industrial development:Many mineral resources like kerosene,petrol,diesel etc are the basic minerals necessary to run the industries.Many machinery equipments are made from minerals.Many industries are established in nepal also which helps in earning and gives employment to many unemployment people.

• Agriculture development:Minerals are also used in manufacture of agriculture tools and implements such as machines and irregation equipment for agriculture development. Minerals are useful for the development if agriculture sector.

• Development of transport and elecricity:Mineral resources are also help to develop transportation facilities.Different means of transport like railway,aeroplane and vechicles run from the source of energy which comes from minerals.

So minerals are one of the important natural resources which we need in our daily life.

Mineral Resources

Mineral Resources

Mineras are non-living constitutes of the earth's crust in the crystalline form which includes elements,compounds and mixtures that have definite range of chemical composition and properties.This are inorganic in nature.Some of the minerals are Bauxite,Dolomite,Crystalline.
Minerals can be classified in terms of structure and composition.This minerals are classified into many groups.These minerals are found in different countries with different minerals. These minerals are very valauable in nature.They are very costly.
physical properties :

• Crystal structure and habit:A crystal structure is the orderly geometric spatial arrangement of atoms the internal structure of a mineral.A mineral may show good crystal habit or form,or it may be massive,granular or compact.We can only see with the help of microscope. This crystal structure is based on regular internal atomic or ionic arrangement that is expressed in the geometric form that the crystal takes.Chemistry and crystal both this define a mineral.

• Hardness:The physical hardness of a mineral is usally measured according to the mohs scale.This scale is relative and goes from 1 to 10.Minerals with a given mohs hardness can scratch the surface of any minerals that has a lower hardness than itself
  

Mineral Resources

Forest areas in Nepal can be divided into three types

• Tropical evergreen forests:This type of forest is found in the areas where rainfal is above 75inches. In this areas forest grows simal,bamboo,palm etc are the immense economic value.this forest are the best habitat for the animals like rhino,tiger etc.
  

• Deciduous forests: these forests area found in the areas where rainfall is less copious . They countain teak,bamboo,maple etc. various kinds of wildlives animals are found in these forests.


• Evergreen coniferous forests: These types of forests are found at the altidude of 7000ft to 11000ft on the land surface.Many of the species are found in this forest.This type of forest are found in himalayan regeion.In this forest type we mostly found, leaves pointed in which they protect from snow fall.

Forest areas